A Visit To A Jewish Synagogue

A Visit To A Jewish Synagogue Judaism is the most established and one of the most rehearsed religions on the planet. It was begun when God called Abraham and requested him to take his kin to Canaan, the Promised Land. There, it was consented to like an arrangement among God and the Jews since they were the picked individuals to broaden the law of God. It is viewed as Abraham the dad of the Jews and Christians, since he plummeted from the Jewish individuals. Another significant relative in the starting point of the religion was Moses, who were given the tables of the Ten Commandments at Mount Sinai. The wellspring of the Jewish principle is divine in disclosure contained in the Torah. It is likewise a guide of living. Judaism additionally has complex virtue laws of food. It is permit to eat all plant items, earthbound creatures on the off chance that they are generally ruminants with cloven-hoofed except for the pork, the bunny, the camel, and so on. Winged creatures are additionally permitted, all are allowed aside from the fowls of prey. Additionally ocean creatures are permitted however just those fish that have scales and blades. Also the creatures must be butchered by a specialist executioner. He should kept all the rabbinical laws for murdering, which require, in addition to other things, the vomiting, for which the creature loses all his blood, food disallow for the Jewish, and the itemized assessment of certain viscera to check that the creature has no default to be denied. After that he should kill certain nerves and the fat. At last, before cooking the meat it must be treated with water and salt to miss the last hints of blood. Moreover it is imperative to isolate at the hour of cooking and eating, meat items and dairy items, additionally keeping up independent cooking apparatuses for each gathering. The rabbi is a specialist of the investigation of Torah, which likewise has gotten the accreditation to practice it. His crucial to guarantee that adherent follows accurately the religion, guarantee the execution of the methods and instructing, deciphering, actualizing and continually considering the Torah. He can involve the situation of otherworldly pioneer of a temple, a network or a lot of them. Be that as it may, paying little mind to the position, his power will be resolved not for reasons of pecking order, on the opposite by the renown given by his insight and acknowledgment of it in Jewish society. The standard spot of love on the Jewish religion is the gathering place. Along with the Temple is the most significant organization of Judaism. After the annihilation of the Temple of Jerusalem the place of worship turned into the middle and essential issue of the strict Jewish life. It acquired a large number of the traditions and ceremonies of the Temple yet there were some of them that were restricted on the grounds that they were selective of the Temple, for instance the petition turned into the substitute for the penances. Since numerous years back to the elements of the temple as a middle for supplication, study and instructing it likewise became as the focal point of network and spot of meeting for rewarding a wide range of issues identified with the network life. Likewise, in the gathering place or in its structures there was all things required for the Jewish life, for instance the base camp of rabbinical court, the custom shower, hospice for facilitating voyagers, among oth ers. The strict assistance, set up in the Talmud, has stayed without essential changes along their 2,500 years of history, and just with time has endured a few expansions that differ between networks to other people. In the gathering place it is held three times each day, at dusk, at dawn and around early afternoon, the petitions network within the sight of at least ten (10) men more established than thirteen (13) years. Other than the supporters there is available the rabbi, where he peruses so anyone might hear the writings of petition. The love supplications to God are all in Hebrew with certain sections are in Aramaic. They comprise in sections of Psalms and different books of the Bible. In the administration of Monday, Thursday, Saturdays and occasions it is perused the Torah. In every week they read a segment so the pattern of perusing will be finished over the span of the year. The perusing is follows by an entry of the scriptural books of Prophets where they are connected with the area of the Torah. During the supplication men must cover their head with any cap or skullcap. Likewise they spread themselves with a thoughtful mantle of rectangular shape normally made of fleece, white and blue stripes or dark. Inside the merry schedule the most significant organization of Judaism is the sabat (Saturday), which reminds every week the awesome resting in the seventh day. The festival self-teaching begins before dusk on friday, lighting the housewife in the second house candelas vacations on which should peruse the comparing favoring. The suppers, for example, the rest of the merriments, beginning with a petition of purification (quidã ºs) on a cup loaded with wine and another gift on two portions of bread. The night of Saturday, another sentence equal imprint the detachment (habdalã ¡) between the sacred day just and profane that starts; it aims the smell of flavors put away in a bowl, lights a flame and drink a glass of wine, all joined by the favors. Another of its celebrations generally acclaimed in the Yom Kippur or Day of Atonement, which comes full circle the ten days of contrition of New Year (September). It is a day of reflection and apology where it must spare fasting. The Yom Kippur (Day of pardoning or of expiation) is the most grave of the Jewish schedule and with it comes full circle the ten days of contrition started with the new Year. It is a day of fasting, gave to atonement and to solicit pardoning from sins submitted against God, against himself and against the neighbor; for absolution for the last there to fix the harm caused, yet without the fix and apology are adequate when the neighbor is a non-Jewish. The strict administrations in the temple last for the duration of the day; it begins with the sentence Kal nidrã ©, in which it looks for the cancellation of the votes are not met, and closes with a dash of sofar. Of the functions obligatory of the existence cycle, the first is the circumcision (berit milã ¡) of the man jewish eighth day of his introduction to the world and gave that the strength of the infant licenses, in an indication of the collusion (berit) of the individuals with God, as requested Abraham in Gen 17.11-12. In the circumcision is forced on the kid a Hebrew name and should be played out an expert (mohel) with the fundamental strict information and aptitudes. A month and a day of birth a firstborn, as indicated by the law ought to dedicate themselves to God, played out the service of pidiã ³n haben (salvage of the kid) the dad it is saved in the arms of a kohã ©n (minister) and afterward what conveyed an aggregate of cash emblematic. The wedding service comprises of two back to back stages: (a) the assurance to be wedded, with the sanctification (quidusã ­n), in which the beau put in the finger of the lady gold ring, and the perusing custom of marriage agreement and its arrangements (cohen), among which are simply the commitments that the man takes on himself as a spouse and remuneration to be paid to ladies in case of separation; and (b) the remarriage (nisuã ­n), with the recitation of the seven endowments. During the service the lady of the hour and man of the hour stay under a palio (hupã ¡), which represents the thalamus marriage, and the husband to be must break a glass set their feet, demonstration intended to inspire the pulverization of the Temple of Jerusalem. The 13 years the male jewish arrives at the period of larger part strict, that is, it becomes bar misvã ¡ (subject to the statutes), being from that point liable for their activities. In the holding the youngster sits just because the shawl and the tefilã ­n, and is customary to be welcome to the gathering place to peruse in the Torah the section that relates to it.

Women in Psychology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Ladies in Psychology - Essay Example Karen Horney kept up extra perspectives on youngsters and the beginning of tension, giving her regard in the mental network. This venture portrays the foundation of Karen Horney and features her numerous commitments to brain research. Karen Horney (1885-1952) experienced childhood in Hamburg, Germany to progressively well-to-do, upper-white collar class guardians with a Protestant foundation. Horney’s father was a profoundly strict man and a boat skipper while her mom was a progressively liberal mastermind who elevated Horney to prevail in clinical school (Smith, 2007). This was during a period in the mid twentieth Century when ladies had not yet accomplished the option to cast a ballot, making Horney’s appearance in clinical school in 1906 a great occasion, particularly with her emphasis on examining Freud’s perspectives on analysis (Eckardt, 2005). In the 1920’s, Horney started to challenge Freud’s perspective on manliness and gentility, particularly in regions of sexual turn of events and sexual intuition. She started to scrutinize Freud’s point of view in which he accepted that ladies felt second rate compared to men since they didn't have a penis (Eckardt). Horney felt this was an uneven point of view, filled with manly narcissism, which reliably made predisposition against ladies during analysis. After some time, Horney redeveloped Freud’s see on female sexuality and made another layout by which ladies are surveyed: One in which the nonattendance of a penis no longer turned into the apparent establishment of women’s inconveniences. As it, depended on the women’s testimonial developments happening during this timespan, Horney figured out how to free ladies when being investigated for mental examination as more than only the result of manly jealousy. Sigmund Freud established the framework for a considerable lot of the perspectives on the time with respect to tension and the advancement of constructive character attributes. Throughout the years, Karen Horney redeveloped the perspective on nervousness by proposing that tension isn't

10 Novels With The Most Captivating Opening Lines Weve Read

10 Novels With The Most Captivating Opening Lines Weve Read Have you ever read a book that had your undivided attention right from the opening lines? It doesnt happen often, but when it does, a kind of magic happens that makes the book impossible to forget. Here are ten of our favorite opening lines that captivate from the start.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark TwainThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark TwainYou dont know about me without you have read a book by the name of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer; but that aint no matter. That book was made by Mr. Mark Twain, and he told the truth, mainly. There was things which he stretched, but mainly he told the truth. That is nothing. I never seen anybody but lied one time or another, without it was Aunt Polly, or the widow, or maybe Mary.The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnFear and Loathing in Las Vegas by Hunter S. ThompsonFear and Loathing in Las Vegas by Hunter S. ThompsonWe were somewhere around Barstow on the edge of the desert when the drugs began to take hold. I remember saying something like I feel a bit lightheaded; maybe you should drive. . . . And suddenly there was a terrible roar all around us and the sky was full of what looked like huge bats, all swooping and screeching and diving around the car, which was going about a hundred miles an hour with the top down to Las Vegas.Fear and Loathing in Las VegasAn Untamed State by Roxane GayAn Untamed State by Roxane GayOnce upon a time, in a far-off land, I was kidnapped by a gang of fearless yet terrified young men with so much impossible hope beating inside their bodies it burned their very skin and strengthened their will right through their bones.An Untamed StateWild: From Lost to Found on the Pacific Crest Trail by Cheryl StrayedWild: From Lost to Found on the Pacific Crest Trail by Cheryl StrayedThe trees were tall, but I was taller, standing above them on a steep mountain slope in northern California. Moments before, Id removed my hiking boots and the left one had fallen into those trees, first catap ulting into the air when my enormous backpack toppled onto it, then skittering across the gravelly trail and flying over the edge. It bounced off of a rocky outcropping several feet beneath me before disappearing into the forest canopy below, impossible to retrieve. I let out a stunned gasp, though Id been in the wilderness thirty-eight days and by then Id come to know that anything could happen and that everything would. But that doesnt mean I wasnt shocked when it did.My boot was gone. Actually gone.Wild: From Lost to Found on the Pacific CrestLolita by Vladimir NabokovLolita by Vladimir NabokovLolita, light of my life, fire of my loins. My sin, my soul. Lo-lee-ta: the tip of the tongue taking a trip of three steps down the palate to tap, at three, on the teeth. Lo. Lee. Ta.LolitaFahrenheit 451 by Ray BradburyFahrenheit 451 by Ray BradburyIt was a pleasure to burn. It was a special pleasure to see things eaten, to see things blackened and changed. With the brass nozzle in his fist s, with this great python spitting its venomous kerosene upon the world, the blood pounded in his head, and his hands were the hands of some amazing conductor playing all the symphonies of blazing and burning to bring down the tatters and charcoal ruins of history.Fahrenheit 451Fight Club by Chuck PalahniukFight Club by Chuck PalahniukTyler gets me a job as a waiter, after that Tylers pushing a gun in my mouth and saying, the first step to eternal life is you have to die. For a long time though, Tyler and I were best friends. People are always asking, did I know about Tyler Durden.The barrel of the gun pressed against the back of my throat, Tyler says, We really wont die.With my tongue I can feel the silencer holes we drilled into the barrel of the gun. Most of the noise a gunshot makes is expanding gases, and theres the tiny sonic boom a bullet makes because it travels so fast. To make a silencer, you just drill holes in the barrel of the gun, a lot of holes. This lets the gas esca pe and slows the bullet to below the speed of sound.You drill the holes wrong and the gun will blow off your hand. This isnt really death, Tyler says. Well be legend. We wont grow old.I tongue the barrel into my cheek and say, Tyler, youre thinking of vampires.Fight ClubThe Metamorphosis by Franz KafkaThe Metamorphosis by Franz KafkaAs Gregor Samsa awoke one morning from uneasy dreams he found himself transformed in his bed into a gigantic insect. He was lying on his hard, as it were armor-plated, back and when he lifted his head a little he could see his dome-like brown belly divided into stiff arched segments on top of which the bed quilt could hardly keep in position and was about to slide off completely. His numerous legs, which were pitifully thin compared to the rest of his bulk, waved helplessly before his eyes.The MetamorphosisParadise by Toni MorrisonParadise by Toni MorrisonThey shoot the white girl first, but the rest they can take their time. No need to hurry out here. T hey are 17 miles from a town which has 90 miles between it and any other. Hiding places will be plentiful in the convent, but there is time, and the day has just begun. They are nine. Over twice the number of the women, they are obliged to stampede or kill, and they have the paraphernalia for either requirement--rope, a palm leaf cross, handcuffs, mace, and sunglasses, along with clean, handsome guns.ParadiseBlood Meridian by Cormac McCarthyBlood Meridian by Cormac McCarthySee the child. He is pale and thin, he wears a thin and ragged linen shirt. He stokes the scullery fire. Outside lie dark turned fields with rags of snow and darker woods beyond that harbor yet a few last wolves. His folk are known for hewers of wood and drawers of water but in truth his father has been a schoolmaster. He lies in drink, he quotes from poets whose names are now lost. The boy crouches by the fire and watches him.Night of your birth. Thirty-three. The Leonids they were called. God how the stars did f all. I looked for blackness, holes in the heavens. The Dipper stove.Blood Meridian

Outline of the U.S. Economy

This free online textbook is an adaptation of the book Outline of the U.S. Economy by Conte and Carr and has been adapted with permission from the U.S. Department of State. CHAPTER 1: Continuity and Change The American Economy at the End of the 20th CenturyFree Enterprise and the Role of Government in America CHAPTER 2: How the U.S. Economy Works Americas Capitalist EconomyBasic Ingredients of the U.S. EconomyManagers in the American WorkforceA Mixed Economy: The Role of the MarketGovernments Role in the EconomyRegulation and Control in the U.S. EconomyDirect Services and Direct Assistance in the U.S. EconomyPoverty and Inequality in the United StatesThe Growth of Government in the United States CHAPTER 3: The U.S. Economy - A Brief History The Early Years of the United StatesColonization of the United StatesThe Birth of the United States: The New Nations EconomyAmerican Economic Growth: Movement South and WestwardAmerican Industrial GrowthEconomic Growth: Inventions, Development, and TycoonsAmerican Economic Growth in the 20th CenturyGovernment Involvement in the American EconomyThe Post War Economy: 1945-1960Years of Change: The 1960s and 1970sStagflation in the 1970sThe Economy in the 1980sEconomic Recovery in the 1980sThe 1990s and BeyondGlobal Economic Integration CHAPTER 4: Small Business and the Corporation The History of Small BusinessSmall Business in the United StatesSmall Business Structure in the United StatesFranchisingCorporations in the United StatesOwnership of CorporationsHow Corporations Raise CapitalMonopolies, Mergers, and RestructuringMergers in the 1980s and 1990sThe Use of Joint Ventures CHAPTER 5: Stocks, Commodities, and Markets Introduction to Capital MarketsThe Stock ExchangesA Nation of InvestorsHow Stock Prices Are DeterminedMarket StrategiesCommodities and Other FuturesThe Regulators of Security MarketsBlack Monday and the Long Bull Market CHAPTER 6: The Role of Government in the Economy Government and the EconomyLaissez-faire Versus Government InterventionGrowth of Government Intervention in the EconomyFederal Efforts to Control MonopolyAntitrust Cases Since World War IIDeregulating TransportationDeregulating TelecommunicationsDeregulation: The Special Case of BankingBanking and the New DealSavings and Loan BailoutsLessons Learned From The Savings and Loan CrisisProtecting the EnvironmentGovernment Regulation: Whats Next? CHAPTER 7: Monetary and Fiscal Policy Introduction to Monetary and Fiscal PolicyFiscal Policy: Budget and TaxesThe Income TaxHow High Should Taxes Be?Fiscal Policy and Economic StabilizationFiscal Policy in the 1960s and 1970sFiscal Policy in the 1980s and 1990sMoney in the U.S. EconomyBank Reserves and the Discount RateMonetary Policy and Fiscal StabilizationThe Growing Importance of Monetary PolicyA New Economy?New Technologies in the New EconomyAn Aging Workforce CHAPTER 8: American Agriculture: Its Changing Significance Agriculture and the EconomyEarly Farm Policy in the United StatesFarm Policy of the 20th CenturyFarming Post World-War IIFarming in the 1980s and 1990sFarm Policies and World TradeFarming As Big Business CHAPTER 9: Labor in America: The Workers Role American Labor HistoryLabor Standards in AmericaPensions in the United StatesUnemployment Insurance in the United StatesThe Labor Movements Early YearsThe Great Depression and LaborPost-War Victories for LaborThe 1980s and 1990s: The End of Paternalism in LaborThe New American Work ForceDiversity in the WorkplaceLabor Cost-Cutting in the 1990sThe Decline of Union Power CHAPTER 10: Foreign Trade and Global Economic Policies An Introduction to Foreign TradeMounting Trade Deficits in the United StatesFrom Protectionism to Liberalized TradeAmerican Trade Principles and PracticeTrade Under the Clinton AdministrationMultilateralism, Regionalism, and BilateralismCurrent U.S. Trade AgendaTrade with Canada, Mexico, and ChinaThe U.S. Trade DeficitHistory of the U.S. Trade DeficitThe American Dollar and the World EconomyThe Bretton Woods SystemThe Global EconomyDevelopment Assistance CHAPTER 11: Beyond Economics Reviewing the American Economic SystemHow Fast Should the Economy Grow?

The Modern American View Of Disability - 1201 Words

Gonzalez 1 Odette Gonzalez Professor Jason Tucker WRI-102-L Assignment 1 3 February 2015 The Modern American View of Disability In Rosmarie Garland -Thomson: â€Å"The politics of Staring†, expresses how our society has changed over time. She views human’s theories in four different visual rhetoric’s which in this case I am going to call them speechmaking’s: the wondrous, the realistic, the sentimental and the exotic. From these four figures of speech Garland has shown our inclination to see disabled people by the way they are discriminated by the rest of society. Garland makes references to this by showing pictures and examples that highlights how the modern American world views disability. The first figure of speech Garland discusses is the wondrous. She points out how the wondrous represent monsters, giants, meaning the good and evil, The wondrous viewpoint is defined by the association of the disabled with the normal, creating a disconnect in what the viewer sees as able. By visualizing a disabled person moving out physical trials ranging from menial tasks to physical feats of strength and will, the viewer creates a hollowness between the dexterity and capability to perform and the assumed lack of abilities of the subject. By saying â€Å"The antecedents of the wondrous disabled figures are the monsters of antiquity, who inspired awe, foretold the future, or bore divine signs, and freaks, who were the celebrities in nineteenth-century dime museums and sideshows† she shows howShow MoreRelatedThe Issue Of Abortion On The United States1606 Words   |  7 Pagesof pregnancies among American woman are unintended, and about seven out of ten of these 500,000 uninten ded pregnancies are terminated by abortion each year in America. In today’s modern American culture, many consider an unborn fetus a non-life form; however, an unborn fetus possesses many, if not all, characteristics of life. 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Orphanage Free Essays

Orphanage is the name to describe a residential institution devoted to the care of orphans – children whose parents are deceased or otherwise unable to care for them. Parents, and sometimes grandparents, are legally responsible for supporting children, but in the absence of these or other relatives willing to care for the children, they become a ward of the state, and orphanages are a way of providing for their care and housing. Children are educated within or outside of the orphanage. We will write a custom essay sample on Orphanage or any similar topic only for you Order Now Orphanages provide an alternative to foster care or adoption by giving orphans a community-based setting in which they live and learn. [1] In the worst cases, orphanages can be dangerous and unregulated places where children are subject to abuse and neglect. [2] An orphanage is sometimes called a group home, children’s home, rehabilitation center or youth treatment center. The first orphanages, called â€Å"orphanotrophia,† were founded in the 1st century amid various alternative means of orphan support. Jewish law, for instance, prescribed care for the widow and the orphan, and Athenian law supported all orphans of those killed in military service until the age of eighteen. Plato (Laws, 927) says: â€Å"Orphans should be placed under the care of public guardians. Men should have a fear of the loneliness of orphans and of the souls of their departed parents. A man should love the unfortunate orphan of whom he is guardian as if he were his own child. He should be as careful and as diligent in the management of the orphan’s property as of his own or even more careful still. [3] The care of orphans was referred to bishops and, during the Middle Ages, to monasteries. Many orphanages practiced some form of â€Å"binding-out† in which children, as soon as they were old enough, were given as apprentices to households. This would ensure their support and their learning an occupation. Such practices are assumed to be quite rare in the modern Western world, thanks to improved social security and changed social attitudes, but remain in force in many other countries. Since the 1950s, after a series of scandals involving the coercion of birth parents and abuse of orphans (notably at Georgia Tann’s Tennessee Children’s Home Society), the United States and other countries have moved to de-institutionalize the care of vulnerable children—that is, close down orphanages in favor of foster care and accelerated adoption. Moreover, as it is no longer common for birth parents in Western countries to give up their children, and as far fewer people die of diseases or violence while their children are still young, the need to operate large orphanages has decreased. Major charities are increasingly focusing their efforts on the re-integration of orphans in order to keep them with their parents or extended family and communities. Orphanages are no longer common in the European community, and Romania in particular has struggled to reduce the visibility of its children’s institutions to meet conditions of its entry into the European Union. In the United States, the largest remaining orphanage is the Bethesda Orphanage, founded in 1740 by George Whitefield. In many works of fiction (notably Oliver Twist and Annie), the administrators of orphanages are depicted as cruel monsters. How to cite Orphanage, Essay examples

Consider the Dramatic Importance of Act 3 Scene V of Romeo and Juliet Essay Example For Students

Consider the Dramatic Importance of Act 3 Scene V of Romeo and Juliet Essay In this scene Romeo meets Juliet in her bedroom and they consume their relationship. After that the nurse knocks on the door so Romeo has to hide. The Nurse comes and warns Juliet that her mother is coming. Then Lady Capulet comes in and thinks that Juliet is sad and downhearted because of Tybalts death. Juliet also pretends that she wants to kill Romeo because she cant admit to her mother that she has married him. Then the Capulet comes into the room as well and starts telling Juliet how vitally important is for her to get married to Paris. The whole scene occurs just after Romeo and Juliet married. Only the Nurse knows about the secret marriage from all of the Capulets. This is important to the play because the Nurse has taken the role of Juliets mother and Juliet confides everything with her instead of Lady Capulet. This scene relies for its dramatic impact partly on the fact that some people know certain things that must be hidden form other people. For example the only people that know about the wedding of Romeo and Juliet are Friar Lawrence and the Nurse. Another example is that only Capulet, Lady Capulet and the Nurse know about the arranged marriage between Paris and Juliet. The dramatic effect of the audience knowing all that has happened is called dramatic irony. This means that the audience knows things that are unknown for some of the characters in the play and then the audience sees how these events happen even though they know before. Shakespeare has used a lot of dramatic irony throughout the whole play because that involves the audience much more into the action and it was also fashionable at that time to write in this style. In this particular scene Shakespeare has used dramatic irony when the Nurse tells Juliet that her mother is coming, but the audience already knows what the message is that her mother is bringing. By using this technique the writer makes the audience feel sympathy towards Juliet. Another key point in this scene is the way Juliet uses speaks and the words that she uses. The words and phrases that she uses are ambiguous. Madam, I am not well. Her mothers response is immediate and she is obviously thinking that Juliet is sad because of Tybalts death, but actually Juliet is downhearted because of Romeo. This shows us another side to Juliets character. Before she had seemed young and eager to please her parents. A good example is when she agrees and accepts Paris for here husband before the ball where she meets Romeo. She has done that only to please her parents and not for self satisfaction. But since she has met Romeo and fallen in love with him she is showing rebelliousness and her willingness to stand up to her parents and defy them. Even though it is a very short period according to Shakespeare she has matured even though she is very young. In my opinion this is done because in the Elizabethan period people used to live to a much lower age than people do nowa days and a mature person was considered in the age group of thirteen to fourteen. Also people used to get married at the age that Juliet is in the play. We also see another side of Juliets parents and the Nurse in this scene. Previously Lord Capulet has been against young marriage and for his daughter to get married, but things quickly change as Paris appears. Because Paris is the perfect boy for in his views, Lord Capulet will want to marry his daughter to him because he sees benefits form this marriage for the whole family and also it is the perfect husband for Juliet. Form this, the audience can judge the character and realise that Lord Capulet doesnt actually care about how happy his daughter is. Lady Capulet also fails her daughter. She is supporting her husband in terms of making Juliet marry Paris and although Lady Capulet used to listen to what her daughter actually wanted now this has totally changed. Marry, my child, early next Thursday morn,The gallant, young and noble gentleman,. No matter what Juliet says Lady Capulet is definite for their marriage with Juliet. .ue39aa7e96773b111582f091c4206138d , .ue39aa7e96773b111582f091c4206138d .postImageUrl , .ue39aa7e96773b111582f091c4206138d .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ue39aa7e96773b111582f091c4206138d , .ue39aa7e96773b111582f091c4206138d:hover , .ue39aa7e96773b111582f091c4206138d:visited , .ue39aa7e96773b111582f091c4206138d:active { border:0!important; } .ue39aa7e96773b111582f091c4206138d .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ue39aa7e96773b111582f091c4206138d { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ue39aa7e96773b111582f091c4206138d:active , .ue39aa7e96773b111582f091c4206138d:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ue39aa7e96773b111582f091c4206138d .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ue39aa7e96773b111582f091c4206138d .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ue39aa7e96773b111582f091c4206138d .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ue39aa7e96773b111582f091c4206138d .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ue39aa7e96773b111582f091c4206138d:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ue39aa7e96773b111582f091c4206138d .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ue39aa7e96773b111582f091c4206138d .ue39aa7e96773b111582f091c4206138d-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ue39aa7e96773b111582f091c4206138d:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How might Shakespeare have directed this scene to appeal to his whole audience? EssayWhen Juliet doesnt get any support in what she wishes she seeks help and advice from no other but the Nurse, as Lady Capulet has swapped roles with the Nurse of being a mother. Until now she has been the most supportive figure in Romeo and Juliets relationship and she has been the closest person to Juliet as well. However, when Juliet decides to look for an advice the Nurse tells her to forget about Romeo and that she should see if she likes Paris. I think it best you married with the county. O, hes a lovely gentleman! Here the Nurse shows her admiration towards Paris and she, just like Ju liets parents, think that Paris is the prefect man. Juliet is appalled by what the Nurse has sad, because the audience knows that Juliet is still deeply in love with Romeo and this once again is one of Shakespeares techniques to make the audience feel sympathy toward Juliet and her relationship with Romeo. In the 21st century we might be appalled by this treatment of Juliet, but in the in the 16th century when the play was actually written, the audience might not find it so strange. Lord Capulet is angry with Juliet because the marriage to Paris which Julie refuses is really important to him and the benefit of the whole family. Also the authority the father had over the children was much more different then it is nowadays. As for lady Capulet, her role as wife would be just to serve her husband and to do what he says and what he thinks is right. During the Elizabethan period women were treated very differently form men and their roles I society were very limited. Women were regarded as the weaker sex not just physically but emotionally as well. Shakespeare has created Lady Capulets character to show the audience how women were being treated at that time. The audience might be surprised at the Nurses attitude because of her close relationship with Juliet, but she is a servant and therefore no matter how close and important she is to Juliet, she still has a relatively low position in the household, and the fact that she relies on Lord Capulet for her employment makes her even more dependant to Lady and Lord Capulet for her employment. Overall this is one of the most dramatically important scenes in the play because form here the play significantly changes and Juliets position changes as well. The scene is also significant because it sets out the basics for the rest of the play as Juliet doesnt want to marry Paris and Friar Lawrence gives her a potion so that she could pretend she is dead. At the start of Scene V the mood is romantic as the audience meets Romeo and Juliet in their first night together after marriage, but by the end of the scene the audience starts to sense the anger and betrayal that some of the characters show. From now on till the rest of the play Juliet can no longer rely on any help or support from her household and also what makes it even worse for her is that Romeo has been banished.

5 Peculiarities of the German Language

5 Peculiarities of the German Language You may have heard that German is a difficult and complex language to learn. This is true to some extent; however, much depends on the way the language is taught, the learner’s natural capacity for languages, and the amount of practice dedicated to it. The following peculiarities of the German language should not discourage you from studying German, but simply prepare you for what you will encounter. Remember, German is a very logically structured language, with many fewer exceptions than English. The key to your success in learning German will truly be as this old German adage states: ÃÅ"bung macht den Meister! (or, Practice makes perfect) The Difference Between a German Sausage and a Verb Why are we comparing a sausage to a verb? Simply because German verbs can be chopped and cut up just as  a German sausage can! In German, you can take a verb, chop off the first part, and place it at the end of a sentence. And in actuality, you can even do more to a German verb than what you can do with a sausage: you can insert another â€Å"part† (a.k.a. syllable) in the middle of a verb, add other verbs alongside it and even elongate it. How’s that for flexibility? Of course, there are some rules to this chopping business, which once you understand them, will be easy to apply. German Nouns Every German student loves this particular German-language peculiarity - all nouns are capitalized! This serves as a visual aid for reading comprehension and as a consistent rule in spelling. Further, German pronunciation pretty much follows the way it is written (though you need to know the peculiarities of the German alphabet first, see above), which makes German spelling not very difficult. Now to put a damper to all of this good news: Not all German nouns are inherently nouns and may, therefore, throw off the German writer at first as to whether to capitalize a word or not. For instance, verb infinitives can change into a noun and German adjectives can change into nouns. This role changing of words happens in the English language as well, for example when verbs change into gerunds. German Gender Most would agree, that this is the greatest hurdle of German grammar. Every noun in German is identified by grammatical gender. The der article is placed before masculine nouns, die before feminine nouns and das before neuter nouns. It would be nice if that was all there was to it, but German articles change, along with the endings of German adjectives, adverbs and nouns depending on the grammatical case they are in. For example, let’s take a look at the following sentence: Der Junge gibt der wà ¼tenden Mutter den Ball des Mdchens.(The boy gives to the angry mother the girl’s ball.) In this sentence, der wà ¼tenden Mutter acts as the indirect object, so it is dative; den Ball acts as the direct object, so it is accusative and des Mdchens is in the possessive genitive case. The nominative forms of these words were: die wà ¼tende Mutter; der Ball; das Mdchen. Almost every word was changed in this sentence. One very important point about German grammar gender is that nouns don’t necessarily follow the natural law of gender as we know it. For example, though die Frau (woman) and der Mann (man) are designated feminine and masculine respectively, das Mdchen (girl) is neuter. Mark Twain in his humorous account of â€Å"The Awful German Language† described this German grammar peculiarity in this way: Every noun has a gender, and there is no sense or system in the distribution; so the gender of each must be learned separately and by heart. There is no other way. To do this one has to have a memory like a memorandum-book. In German, a young lady has no sex, while a turnip has. Think what overwrought reverence that shows for the turnip, and what callous disrespect for the girl. See how it looks in print - I translate this from a conversation in one of the best of the German Sunday-school books:Gretchen: Wilhelm, where is the turnip?Wilhelm: She has gone to the kitchen.Gretchen: Where is the accomplished and beautiful English maiden?Wilhelm: It has gone to the opera. However, Mark Twain was wrong when he said that a student has to have â€Å"a memory like a memorandum-book.† There are some strategies that can help a German student figure out which gender a noun has. German Cases In German there are four cases: Der Nominativ (nominative)Der Genitiv/Wesfall (genitive)Der Akkusativ/Wenfall (accusative)Der Dativ/Wemfall (dative) Though all cases are important, the accusative and dative cases are the most widely used and should be learned first. There is a grammatical trend especially orally to use the genitive case less and less and replace it with the dative in certain contexts. Articles and other words are declined in various ways, depending on gender and grammatical case. The German Alphabet The German alphabet has a few differences from the English language. The very first (and perhaps most important) thing you need to know about the German alphabet is that there are more than twenty-six letters in the German alphabet.

Famous People Who Have Experienced an Anxiety Disorder

Famous People Who Have Experienced an Anxiety Disorder Free Online Research Papers I have chosen to give an overview of several famous and influential people who have suffered from various forms of anxiety disorders, in order to show not only the prevalence of the disorder, but also to illustrate that it is possible for those who suffer from these disorders to be valuable members of society. If not for the presence of these conditions, these individuals would have led otherwise happy and extremely productive lives, and obviously they have enriched our lives despite these difficulties. Alfred Lord Tennyson (1809 1892) A poet of the highest distinction, he was a Poet Laureate and an inspiration to others. The years 1840-1845 were in many ways the most challenging in his life. He was separated from his wife; he had lost his money; he felt more nervously ill than ever, and he could not write. So severe was his nervous illness that his friends despaired of his life. I have, he wrote, drunk one of the most bitter draughts out of the cup of life, which go near to make men hate the world they move in. In 1843, he wrote to a friend the perpetual panic and horror of the last two years had steeped my nerves in poison: now I am left a beggar but am or shall be shortly somewhat better off in nerves. He was undertaking Hydropaths treatment, which includes no reading, no going near a fire, no coffee, a perpetual wet sheet and cold bath, and alternation from hot to cold. It did not work. In 1848 he went to a new doctor who gave him iron pills. It was commented ..this really great man thinks more about his bowels and nerves than about the laureate wreath he was born to inherit... Many of his friends thought him a hypochondriac. He never received appropriate treatment for his condition and so experienced nervous illness through his life. He was also a brilliant poet and writer of the first order. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) Freud developed and taught psychoanalysis, which is a form of psychotherapy. Psychoanalysis is associated with the couch, the note pad and the silent listener. Contrary to popular belief, Freud was not the father of psychiatry. Sigmund Freud suffered from Panic Disorder at the time when he wrote his famous papers on anxiety neurosis. He had symptoms of an Anxiety Disorder and worried a great deal about his spells. He had many medical evaluations for them. Nothing of a serious medical nature could be found wrong with him. He was told that his symptoms were nervous in origin. Freud was not satisfied with what he was told. In his quest for a fuller explanation, he searched for a psychological cause. He built an elaborate model based on psychology of the mind and the role of internal conflicts in causing and maintaining anxiety. This model has preoccupied everyone studying anxiety for most of the century. Nikola Tesla (1856-1943) Tesla was a genius and perhaps the greatest inventor the world has ever known. He invented a device to harness alternating electrical current, radio, fluorescent lighting, the bladeless turbine, developed the fundamentals of robotics, computers and missile science. Many of the â€Å"modern conveniences of life† are a result of Teslas inventions. At 5 years of age, following death of his older brother, he developed many phobias and compulsions and in general became a â€Å"perfectionist† subjecting himself to iron discipline in order to excel. He was also plagued by panic attack like symptoms; strong flashes of light that marred the sight of real objects and â€Å"shooting flames† through the body. The intensity seemed to increase as he got older. â€Å"This caused me great discomfort and anxiety†, said Tesla, â€Å"none of the students of psychology or physiology whom I have consulted could ever explain satisfactorily these phenomena † Sir Isaac Newton (1642-1727) A physicist, mathematician and genius, he was the most original influential theorist in history of science. He co-invented calculus, discovered the laws of physics, the law of gravity, the composition of light, and planetary motion. He had a nervous breakdown in 1677, and again in 1693. He underwent a period of severe emotional disturbances including severe insomnia, loss of appetite, loss of concentration, extreme sensitivity and a decrease in mental acuity. He withdrew from society until 1684. Factors involved around this were the shock of his mothers death, a fire that destroyed some important papers, exhaustion following the writing of his Principia, local problems with the university at Cambridge. And we thought we had it bad, he hasnt received an accurate diagnosis for a couple of centuries! Emily Dickinson (1830-1886) An American poet, her poems were published soon after her death. They met with instant success, and unpublished poems continue to appear. Emily gradually withdrew herself physically from the world, confining herself to her own room, and, as her verse reveals, withdrew mentally and psychologically as well. In correspondence she stated I had a terror since September, I could tell to none; and so I sing because I am afraid While my thought is undressed, I can make the distinction; but when I put them in the gown, they look alike and numb. Her poetry was her way of expressing the inexpressible. A friend described her as follows: The impression made on me was that of an excess of tension, and of an abnormal life. She was much too enigmatical a being for me to solve in an hours interview, and an instinct told me that the slightest attempt at direct cross-examination would make her withdraw into her shell; I could only sit still and watch Robert Burns (1759 1796) Robert Burns is regarded as Scotlands National Poet. Debts, chronic physical illness, and domestic troubles led to Burns nervous disease and he addressed Alexander Cunningham thus: Canst thou minister to a mind diseased? Canst thou speak peace and rest to a soul tost on a sea of troubles without one friendly star to guide her course, and dreading that the next surge may overwhelm her? Canst thou give a frame, trembling alive as the tortures , the stability and hardihood of the rock that braves the blast? If thou canst not do the least of these, why wouldst thou disturb me in my miseries with thy inquiries after me? For these two months I have not been able to lift a pen. My constitution were, ab origin, blasted with a deep incurable taint of hypochondria, which poisons my existence. Of late a number of domestic vexations; losses which, though trifling, were yet what I could ill bear, have so irritated me, that my feelings at time could only be envied by a reprobate spirit listening to the sentence that dooms it to perdition. Are you deep in the language of consolation? I have exhausted in reflection every topic of comfort. A heart at ease would have been charmed with my sentiments and reasoning; but as to myself I was like Judas Iscariot preaching the gospel; he might melt and mould the hearts of those around him, but his own kept its native incorrigibility. Still, there are pillars that bear us up, amid the wreck of misfortune and misery. The ONE is composed of the different modifications of a certain noble, stubborn something in man, known by the names of courage, fortitude, magnanimity.. gives the nerve of combat, while a ray of hope beams on the field (25 February 1794). Robert Burns bathed in the freezing waters of the Solway Firth as part of what seems like a kill or cure remedy by his friend Dr Maxwell. Abraham Lincoln (1809-1865) The following is a story of one mans life.His mother died when he was 9 years old. He was born the son of a farmer and therefore received very little education. He failed in business at the age of 21. He was defeated in a legislative race at the age of 22, and failed again in business at 24. He was devastated by the death of a sweetheart when he was 26, and subsequently had a nervous breakdown when he was 27. At 34 he lost a congressional race, and lost it again two years later. He lost a senatorial race at the age of 45. After another two years, he failed in an effort to become vice president. He then went on to lose another senatorial race at the age of 49. He was often described as insecure, shy, depressed, melancholy, secretive, non-confrontational, self-doubting and preoccupied with the idea of premature death and even the possibility that he might go mad. He was uncomfortable in high-society gatherings, and his etiquette was often considered substandard. At the age of 52 he bec ame the sixteenth president of the United States. The man was Abraham Lincoln. Once Lincoln mentioned to an old friend that â€Å"all the troubles and anxieties of his life†, could not equal the opposition and criticism he received during the Civil War. They were so great, Lincoln said, that he did not think he could possibly survive them. From all over America came cries that he was too stupid and unfit to be president or to reunite the country. But, a great man such as Abraham Lincoln is a gift to his time. He drew strength from his personal history of tragedies. He had endured the unendurable from childhood to adulthood. Thus, anchored on his personal strength, he led an entire nation through its John Steinbeck (1902 1968) Part of a great generation of American writers, he won the Pulitzer Prize and Nobel Prize for Literature. The author of The Grapes of Wrath, East of Eden, Cannery Row, Of Men and Mice, The Winter of our Discontent, Tortilla Flat, Viva Zapata plus many others. I remember the sorrow at not being part of things in my childhood Steinbeck, Journal of a Novel. John Steinbecks life was influenced most importantly by his childhood, a legacy he would carry with him throughout his life. One of the great problems for John Steinbeck was that his father had put up a thick wall between himself and his children. He was a distant sort of man, Johns sister says. A neighbor recalls Johns father stayed in the background. He didnt play with John or the girls. He seemed always in the shadows in the house, at the edge of things, lonely and depressed. I think John was very angry with him. This anger makes sense: his father did not shield him, even slightly from the intense, even domineering, scrutiny of his mother. Mrs Steinbeck, says the neighbor, was stern, even a little cold. John was a little afraid of getting on the wrong side of her. He could never do anything right as far as she was concerned. She was always trying to get him to achieve more than he did. Taking into account his childhood environment, one important feature of Steinbecks character was his sense of himself as someone who never quite achieved enough. Every book he wrote felt to him like a failure, and he never thought he was going to summon the energy and imagination to complete the project at hand. In his later years, the situation worsened, and in the end he found himself terrified of failure, unable to complete his work. He reacted badly to criticism (and there was a lot of it) and was often plunged into dark moods and acute anxiety. Alcohol was a vent he often used to take his mind off his problems or to alter his anxiety and depression. He was consistently self-castigating. The birth of John had been difficult for his mother and his features had been distorted by the harshness of the delivery. By the age of three, however, he had come back to normal. His mother called him my little squirrel through much of his childhood, while his sisters, somewhat less affectionately called him muskrat and mouse. He did not enjoy any of these nicknames, and he became very self-conscious about his looks. To the end he retained a sense of himself as being somebody unpleasant to look at. Another childhood memory was of sitting with his mother while she taught him to read. It was not an easy task for him, especially with his mother hovering beside him as he tried to make sense of the marks on the page that supposedly contained meaning. You can imagine his mother coaching her nervous, frightened child, urging him on yet always disappointed by the results. This is a memory that remained with him. When John was 16 he came down with a deadly flu that quickly turned into pneumonia. He was dangerously close to death. I went down and down, Steinbeck later remembered, until the wingtips of angels brushed my eyes. Despite this physically and emotionally traumatic incident, Steinbeck recovered well enough. The psychological damage inflicted by this illness was considerable. It seems to have given him a sense of someone on the edge of life, reinforcing a vulnerability which had its psychological roots in his troubled childhood. Not surprisingly, in later life Steinbeck would find himself physically ill when under severe psychological stress. Entering University, John started his long and troubled relationship with alcohol. He was a man who suffered regular bouts of intense anxiety and deep depression. He turned to alcohol, a mood-altering substance, as a way of digging himself out of a trough which, of course, perpetually backfired and sent him deeper into the depths as soon as the temporary high had worn off. Having not completed University successfully he retreated from the world. He stayed in a cabin in the mountains for two years . He was frightened, darting this way and that in search of a safe place to stand. His mother wrote to him constantly, and wanted him to make something of himself, as she frequently said. She would allude sarcastically to his failure at Stanford University, always hinting that he might yet succeed if he returned. He was â€Å"an artist†, he told her, â€Å"an artist does nothing other than create†. Steinbeck discovered during this period of self-imposed isolation that his artistic nature was such that he could create only in solitude; indeed, whenever he listened too much to the voices that crowded around him, he became distracted, depressed, uncomfortable, anxious and artistically barren. His later life is marked by serial retreats which were creatively strategic. When Steinbeck became famous for his masterful writing he was torn within himself. He was now famous and was expected to be a public person, a guest at numerous functions. He was, however, intensely shy and self-conscious in social situations. He would give all sorts of excuses to not attend. He would protest that he didnt have a suit or necktie, but his worries would usually be brushed aside by the social director. It was not uncommon for him to rush out of the social gathering and head for the nearest bar to order a drink. People started to canonize him. He was a brilliant writer. He would say You say you are afraid of me. Im afraid of myself. I mean the creature that has been built up. Especially after the publication of The Grapes of Wrath, he was an international star. More than half a century after its publication, The Grapes of Wrath remains one of the permanent masterpieces of American literature. Steinbecks personal life was one emotional trauma after another. He was married three times. His first two marriages were a disaster. His second marriage ended after the release of The Grapes of Wrath. John felt the pressure of having to write another big novel. Americans wanted, demanded, the great American novel. As his second marriage slid away he was frightened by the problems which would follow from yet another divorce. Where would he live? Would he survive another round of deep emotional turmoil. He was like a zombie, one friend recalls. The second marriage failure hit him very hard.Im pretty banged up. In fact I have been for quite a long time as you know. Ive got to build back up and at the same time I have a lot of work to do, John wrote to a friend. He was referring to his anxiety and depression that seemed to rise and fall constantly. The emotional pain of his second marriage failing proved to deepen this suffering. Trying to deal with what he was experiencing he decided t o go to Mexico to finish Viva Zapata. A friend flew down to visit him and was appalled by the condition in which he found Steinbeck, who understood very well the fragility of his condition. The sickness has been worse than I have been able to admit even to myself, he said. Unable to shake his anxiety and depression he was forced to return to California. All he wanted to do is curl up in front of the fireplace. It took months for him to feel less unwell. He took long walks on the beach and spent time in nature with his sons, camping and teaching them about the natural world. He erected a kind of emotional scaffolding to hold himself up. His creative energy returned, the first in a long time I have so much work to do, he exclaimed. He continued his writing life, creating more masterpieces in literature. His third wife started to realize that his personal illness was more psychological than physical. He was really sick, I knew that, but he was also creating the sickness from mental pain she said. She persuaded him to sign on with a psychologist who helped ease him through this period of anxiety and depression. His wife was pleased he was seeing someone. Steinbeck immersed himself in the life around him, painting and fixing things. The alternating black moods and periods of high anxiety passed; Steinbeck wrote to friends about his sense of well-being. John sailed through life for a while, writing more world acclaimed novels and plays. However, the old demons from childhood arose. His sense of self was precarious at best. It seemed that he couldnt take success well. He didnt believe what others wrote glorifying his books. He despaired that he would ever be able to write again. He would exhaust himself with anxiety. He seemed fragile, especially after he had a few drinks in him, wrote the son of his publisher. His health is really the issue now, though it is not something he liked to discuss. John felt everything he did was inherently flawed and caused him much inner pain and anxiety. He would say As you may know, Ive been having a bad time work unacceptable, to me, and a strong feeling that my time is over. In another period of anxiety and depression, he was watching TV, not doing anything. A news flash came on saying John Steinbeck had just been awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. He danced around the lounge room with his wife. When Steinbeck died he had completed a huge mountain of work some 26 volumes of fiction and non-fiction. There isnt a night when one of Johns plays isnt produced somewhere in the world from Peking to Peoria, says his last wife. Hundreds of thousands of copies of his work are sold each year, while every single book that he wrote remains in print: a version of eternal life granted to very few authors. He did find periods of happiness in his life, although plagued by anxiety and depression. It seems the huge weight of his early childhood remained with him his whole life, never being resolved. No matter how he felt within himself, he never wavered from his pursuit of the creative. He stayed true to his craft. William Butler Yeats (1865-1939) An Irish poet and dramatist, and Nobel laureate, he was a leader of the Irish Renaissance and one of the foremost writers of the 20th century. Since his death there have been numerous biographies written about him. It has been stated the more that has been written, the more elusive he has become. This is true of a man who hid behind masks to defend his own inner reality. He spent much of his life attempting to understand the deep contradictions within his mind and working on his inner self. Yeats was reared in the time of pedagogy. That is, strict moralistic discipline to train children. He sent them to a school kept by a Scotsman whose floggings were famous. He later said, When I left that school for good, I felt myself to be empty, there was a void within. His personal appearance was out of the ordinary, almost foreign looking. He felt extremely self-conscious and his inadequacies were constantly criticized. He was called mentally and physically defective. His father resorted to boxing his ears to teach him and terrorizing him by references to his moral degradation and likeness to disagreeable people. Yeats was in a constant state of terror. He became extremely timid. Seeking refuge from this environment, Yeats found what he wanted in daydreaming and solitude. He had a poets heart. Reaching manhood, he was described as gentle.. but within grew the need for self-assertion and the need to break away from my fathers influence. He was besieged internally by uncertainties that were difficult to control. He felt the need to Create yourself; be yourself your poem. He felt divided within himself, he had a continual battle with his senses and was filled with self-loathing at what he thought was an unnatural and horrible state of mind. Painfully turned inwards, he was too shy to accept invitations and hid his timidity under arrogance. He was totally self-conscious of his own clumsiness and remembered all his life how he felt when Oscar Wilde disapproved of the color of his shoes. He felt he was constantly committing gaffes. I was always conscious of something helpless in my self. I could not hold my opinions among people who would make light of them He was extremely unhappy and made frequent mention in his letters of his dreadful despondent moods. He often referred to his bad health and even to physical breakdown. In this state he found writing difficult. A deep thinker, he realized that he comprised of different aspects. That the conflict within himself was amplified by his sense of disconnection from himself, a divided self. He realized the seen and unseen part of himself, the defenses within he had constructed to defend himself from external reality. His masks that he presented to the world to prevent others from knowing his true inner self. He spent his life working on resolving this inner conflict. I pray That I, all foliage gone, May shoot into my joy -YEATS, The Herness Egg Yeats succeeded in changing his personality and life. His inner and outer suffering encouraged him to nourish his imagination on heroic self-projections until his dreams far exceeded reality. With great courage and will, he become the hero of whom he had dreamed of being. His aim was inner mastery. To follow him from the beginning to the end of his life is to conclude that he was one of the true heroes of literature, who fought past inner conflict and conventionality. His life was a continual combat, and he chose the hardest battles when he might have chosen easier ones. As he himself remarked Why should we honor those that die upon the field of battle? A man may show as reckless a courage in entering into the abyss Conclusion As anyone can see this is a rather impressive list of individuals with impressive and valuable accomplishments. This should serve as an example of the fact that people who suffer from anxiety disorders and panic disorders need to be treated as best as possible so that they may make their own contribution to society with less discomfort and distress. Research Papers on Famous People Who Have Experienced an Anxiety DisorderThree Concepts of PsychodynamicThe Masque of the Red Death Room meaningsAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 Europe19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraCapital PunishmentEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenQuebec and CanadaRelationship between Media Coverage and Social andBringing Democracy to AfricaPersonal Experience with Teen Pregnancy

The Impact of Global Financial Crisis on the UK Consumer Buying Dissertation

The Impact of Global Financial Crisis on the UK Consumer Buying Behaviour - Dissertation Example Analysis 41 4.2.1.Demographic Findings 41 4.2.2.Descriptive Findings 45 4.2.3.Frequencies of Responses 48 4.2.4.Cross Tabulation of Responses with Respondents’ Income 59 4.3.Regression Results 63 4.4.Chapter Summary 66 Chapter 5: Interpretation of Research Results 67 5.1.Introduction 67 5.2.Interpretation of Results 67 5.3.Thematic Analysis of Interview Responses 67 5.4.Chapter Summary 71 Chapter 6: Conclusion and Recommendations 72 6.1.Conclusion 72 6.2.Recommendations 72 List of References 74 List of Figures Figure 1: Theoretical Framework 18 Figure 2: Risk Attitude and Risk Perception 25 Figure 3: Demographic Findings – Age Group 42 Figure 4: Demographic Findings – Gender 43 Figure 5: Demographic Findings – Marital Status 44 Figure 6: Demographic Findings – Occupation 44 Figure 7: Demographic Findings – Income 45 Figure 8: Regression Findings – Consumption Behaviour vs Psychological Factors 64 Figure 9: Regression Findings – Consumption Behaviour vs Situational Factors 65 Figure 10: Regression Findings – Consumption Behaviour vs Marketing Mix Factors 65 List of Tables Table 1: Risk Attitude and Risk Perception 24 Table 2: New Trends in Consumption Behaviour 27 Table 3: Impact of Financial Crisis on Consumption Behaviour 29 Table 4: Survey Questionnaire Statements 37 Table 5: Interview Questions 38 Table 6: Demographic Findings – Age Group 42 Table 7: Demographic Findings – Gender 42 Table 8: Demographic Findings – Marital Status 43 Table 9: Demographic Findings – Occupation 44 Table 10: Demographic Findings – Income 45 Table 11: Descriptive Findings – Psychological Factors 46 Table 12: Descriptive Findings – Situational Factors 47 Table 13: Descriptive Findings – Marketing Mix Factors 47 Table 14: Descriptive Findings – Consumption Behaviour 48 Table 15: Cross Tabulation – Respondents’ Income vs Responses Against Stateme nts 63 Table 16: Regression Findings 64 Table 17: Thematic Analysis 68 Abstract The researcher of this study aims at investigating how the recent financial crisis of 2008 influenced buying behaviour consumers in the United Kingdom. In this regard, the researcher has decided to adopt a mixed approach which covers both qualitative and quantitative aspects of the research. By opting for a mixed approach, the researcher is able to address the limitations associated with each of the two approaches. The research work has concluded that there is a significant impact of various factors, such as psychological factors, personal factors, social factors, situational factors and marketing mix on the development of consumption behaviour. Moreover, the impact of financial crisis has

An Analysis of the Animal Rights Debate from an Ethics Perspective Essay

An Analysis of the Animal Rights Debate from an Ethics Perspective - Essay Example Roger Scruton’s â€Å"The Moral Status of Animals† follows a similar line of argument that defends all life forms on the face of the earth and reveals his intense convictions in ideological and environmental thought. Singer’s comprehensive analysis brings to light many aspects of what Richard D. Ryder has termed ‘speciesism’. Drawing comparisons to the liberations movements of the sixties and the debate around the concept of equality among human beings, Singer emphasizes on the need to take animals too into consideration in such debates. He attacks the norm that animals can be excluded from the debate on equal rights because they lack the moral, rational powers than humans possess. Singer points out that there exists an essential difference among human beings based on race, gender and demographical specifics, but the equal rights theorists overcome this by stressing on the basic human qualities. The equal rights theories also highlight the individual differences among human beings on which the concept of personal rights is based. Singer uses a systematic analytical strategy to break down these arguments one by one. Singer alludes to the publication of Mary Wollstonecraft’s monumental treatise, Vindication of the Rights of Women in 1792 and how â€Å"they were satirized in an anonymous publication entitled A Vindication of the Rights of Brutes†, actually written by Thomas Taylor, a Cambridge philosopher. Taylor refuted Wollstonecraft’s by trivializing her demands for the equal treatment of women on moral, philosophical and social realms by proposing that in fact one should go another step further and treat dogs, cats and horses in the similar manner. This argument was an absurd one at that time, and Taylor’s attempt was to prove that Wollstonecraft’s arguments regarding the rights of women were also absurd, as it questioned a specific order in nature. Singer’s overview of Taylor’s argument

History of Leukemia Treatment

History of Leukemia Treatment Four months later, a young German professor at the University of Wurzburg named Rudolf Virchow published a similar case. The patients blood was overgrown with white blood cells, forming dense and pulpy pools in her spleen. At autopsy, Virchow found layers of white blood floating above the red. He called the disease weisses Blut white blood. In 1847, he changed the name to leukemia from leukos, the Greek word for white. Virchow was a pathologist in training. He believed that all living things were made of cells, which were the basic units of life. And that cells could grow in only two ways: either by increasing the number of cells, or by increasing its size. He called these two modes hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Looking at cancerous growths through his microscope, Virchow concluded that cancer was hyperplasia in its extreme form. By the time Virchow died in 1902, a new theory of cancer had slowly come together out of these observations. Cancer an aberrant, uncontrolled cell division creating tumors that would attack and destroy organs and normal tissues. These tumors could also spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body such as lungs and brains. Leukemia is a malignant overgrown of white cells in the blood. It comes in several forms. It could be chronic and indolent. Or it could be acute and violent. The second version comes in further subtypes, based on the type of white blood cells involved. Cancers of the myeloid cells are called Acute myeloid leukemias (AML); cancer of immature lymphoid cells are called Acute lymphoblastic leukemias; and cancers of the more mature lymphoid cells are called lymphomas. ALL is the most common leukemia found in children. Sidney Faber, the third of fourteen children, was born in Buffalo, New York, in 1903. His father, Simon Farber, had immigrated to America from Poland in the late 19th century and worked in an insurance agency. Having completed his advanced training in pathology in the late 1920s, Farber became the first full-time pathologist at the Childrens Hospital in Boston. His specialty was pediatric pathology, the study of childrens diseases. Yet Farber was driven by the hunger to treat patients. Sitting in his basement laboratory one day in the summer of 1947, he was inspired to focus his attention to the oldest and most hopeless variants of leukemia childhood leukemia. The disease had been analyzed, classified, and subdivided meticulously, but with no therapeutic or practical advances. The package from New York was waiting in the laboratory that December morning. As he pulled out the glass vials of chemicals from the package, he was throwing open a new way of thinking about cancer. An insatiable monster Sydney Farbers package of chemicals arrived at a pivotal moment in the history of medicine. In the late 1940s, new miracle drugs appeared at an astonishing rate. But cancer had refused to fall into step in the victories of postwar medicine. It remained a black box. To cure a cancer, doctors had only two options: cutting it out with surgery, or incinerating it with radiation. Proposals to launch a national response against cancer had ebbed and flowed in America since the early 1900s. By 1937, cancer had magnified in the public eye. In June, a joint Senate-House conference was held to draft legislation to address the issue. On August 5, President Roosevelt signed the National Cancer Institute Act, creating a new entity called the National Cancer Institute (NCI) to coordinate cancer education and research. But World War II had shifted the nations priority from cancer research to the war. The promised funds from Congress never materialized, and the NCI languished in neglect. The social outcry about cancer also drifted into silence. If a cure for leukemia was to be found, Farber reasoned, it would be found within hematology the study of normal blood. In 1928, a young English physician named Lucy Wills discovered that folic acid, a vitamin-like substance found in fruits and vegetables, could restore the normal genesis of blood in nutrient-deprived patients. Farber wondered whether folic acid could restore the normalcy of blood in children with leukemia. As he injected synthetic folic acid into a cohort of leukemia children, Farber found that folic acid actually accelerated the growth of leukemia rather than stopping it. He stopped the experiment in a hurry. Farber was intrigued by the response of the leukemia cells to folic acid. intrigued. What if he could find a drug to cut off the supply of folic acid to the cells an antifolate? Farbers supply of folic acid had come from the laboratory of an old friend a chemist called Yellapragada Subbarao or Yella. Yella was a physician turned cellular physiologist. Having finished his medical training in India, Yella could not practice medicine in America because he had no license. He started as a night porter at a hospital, switched to a day job as a biochemist, and joined Lederle Lab in 1940. Enzymes and receptors in cells work by recognizing molecules using their chemical structure. With a slight alteration of the recipe, Yello could create variants of folic acid, and some of the variants could behave like antagonists to folic acid. He sent the first package of antifolates to Farbers lab in the late summer of 1947. On August 16, 1947, in the town of Dorchester in New England, Robert Sandler, a two-year-old boy was brought to Childrens Hospital in Boston. He had been ill with a wax and wane fever for over two weeks, and the condition had worsened. His spleen wasÂÂ   enlarged, and his blood sample had thousands of immature lymphoid leukemic blasts. His twin brother, Elliot, was in perfect health. Farber had received the first package of antifolates from Yella a few weeks before Sandlers arrival. On September 6, 1947, Farber injected Sandler with pteroylaspartic acid or PAA, the first of Yellas antifolates. PAA had little effect. On December 28, Farber received a new version of antifolate aminopterin. Farber injected the boy with it. The response was remarkable. The white cell count stopped its astronomical ascend, hovered at a plateau, and then dropped. And the leukemic blasts gradually flickered out in the blood and then disappeared. By New Years Eve, the count had dropped to one-sixth of its peak value, bottoming out at a near normal level. The cancer hadnt vanished, but it had temporarily abated. Sandlers remission was unprecedented in the history of leukemia. Farber started treating the slow train of children with childhood leukemia arriving at his clinic. An incredible pattern emerged: antifolates could destroy leukemia cells and make them disappear for a while. But the cancer would relapse after a few months of remission, refusing to respond to even the most potent of Yellas drugs. Robert Sandler died in 1948. In June 1948, Farber published his study in the New England Journal of Medicine. The paper was received with skepticism, disbelief and outrage. The obliteration of an aggressive cancer using a chemical drug was unprecedented in the history of cancer. Dyeing and Dying A systemic disease demands a systemic cure. Could a drug kill existing cancer cells without hurting normal cell tissues? The chemical world is full of poisons. The challenge is to find a selective poison that will eradicate cancer cells without killing the patient. In 1856, an 18-year-old student in London named William Perkin stumbled into an inexpensive chemical dye that could be made from scratch. Perkin called it aniline mauve. His discovery was a godsend for the textile industry because aniline mauve is easier to produce and store than vegetable dyes. Perkin also discovered that its parent compound could act as a building block for other dyes to produce derivatives with a vast spectrum of vivid colors. In the mid-1860s, Perkin flooded the textile factories of Europe with a suite of new synthetic dyes in various color. The German chemist rushed to synthesize their own dyes to muscle their way into the textile industry in Europe. They synthesized not only dyes and solvents, but an entire universe of new molecules such as phenols, bromides, alcohols, and amides, chemicals never encountered in nature. In 1878, a 24-year-old medical student named Paul Ehrlich did an experiment usingÂÂ   chemical dyes to stain animal tissues. He discovered the dyes seemed to be able to differentiate among chemicals hidden inside the cells, staining some and sparing others. In 1882, working with Robert Koch, Ehrlich discovered another new chemical stain that could pick up one class of germs from a mixture of microbes. In the late 1880s, Ehrlich found that certain toxins when injected in animals could produce antitoxins,ÂÂ   which could be used to neutralize the toxin with extraordinary specificity. If biology was a mix-and-match game of chemicals, Ehrlich thought, what if some chemical could differentiate bacterial cells from animal cells so that it could kill the bacteria cells without hurting the animal? So he began with a hunt for anti-microbial chemicals. After testing hundreds of chemicals, he found a dye derivative that can act as an antibiotic drug for mice and rabbits infected with Trypanosoma gondii (a parasite). He called the chemical Trypan Red, after the color of the dye. And in 1910, his laboratory discovered arsphenamine (Salvarsan), the first effective medicinal treatment for syphilis. His success on Trypan Red and Salvarsan proved that chemicals could be found to cure diseases with specificity. He called these chemicals magic bullets for their capacity to kill with specificity. Between 1904 and 1908, he attempted to find an anticancer drug using his vast arsenal of chemicals. None of them worked. What was poison to cancer cells, he found, was also poison to normal cells because cancer cells and normal cells were so similar that made it almost impossible to differentiate. Ehrlich died in 1915 at age 61. In 1917, two years after his death, Germany used a chemical weapon at the battle of Ypres in Belgium, in the form of chlorine gas. The gas killed two thousand soldiers that night. In 1919, pathologist found the survivors bone marrows were all depleted, with the blood-forming cells all dried up.

Decision Making Evaluation Paper Essay

Re-organization and Layoff: Decision Making Evaluation Paper Management has many changes they adjust to daily. Some of the changes come from firing and lay-off employees. When these changes do take place they can change how the organization develops. Management will have to be able to handle change and still keep the organization developing in a positive direction. According to â€Å"Work Systems† (20150, â€Å"Selecting and implementing significant change is one of the most challenging undertakings that face an organization† (2015). It is vital to an organization to have properly trained management to handle these issues Recommendation from two creative solutions identified from week 4 Why the solution would help the middle income customer (credible sources) for support Business decision should make based on solution When an organization is considering layoffs the first thing they should do is decide whether the layoffs are necessary and can they do it legally. Then consider other resources for example, hiring freeze or no pay raises and promotions. They can also reduce authorized overtime, pay cuts, teleworking, and other cost cutting. Making sure you have solid legal grounds and have a legitimate business reason. Some other steps organizations can take are reviewing actual policies and past practices, check written personnel policies, check employment contracts, and review collective bargaining agreements. You can also consider offering severance or other termination benefits. By implementing some of these alternatives fewer works will question if a layoff is truly necessary. References Guerin, L. (n.d.). Making Layoff Decisions | Nolo.com. Retrieved January 31, 2015, from http://www.nolo.com/legal-encyclopedia/making-layoff-decisions-29949.html Work Systems. (2015). Retrieved from httttp://worksystems.com/services/organizational_change.html

Abnormal Deviation in international exchange Essay

You are a Finance Manager at a company in your city. Your company purchase goods from international markets. You are planning to buy equipment worth AED55 million. You have decided to save the company some money and you have proposed to check the exchange rate for 5 days at www.xe.com for the currency of the country where you want to buy the equipment. You managed to secure two quotations from different suppliers from different countries using different currencies. The equipment is needed in January 2015. Transportation cost AED5 million and is paid in here to a UAE transportation company. The balance amount should be used to purchase the equipment. The transportation of the equipment is agreed to be arriving in UAE on the 5th of January 2015. It takes 3 days to fly the equipment to UAE. Whatever purchasing you are planning should be done in advance to give room for transporting the equipment. See more: Satirical essay about drugs The foreign supplier has agreed to give you a quotation for the equipment that is valid for 7 days. You want to take advantage of the quoted prices. The Equipment is quoted in both British pounds and in Euros. The Equipment is costing BP £860 000 and it is also quoted in EUROâ‚ ¬ 1 090 000. You had a meeting with your CEO and you both agreed to check the market performance of these two currencies and purchase the equipment when it is giving you a competitive advantage. The Activities to do: Check the exchange rate for a period of 5 days and create a table of comparisons of how much will be your Dh50m worth on each of the five days in both Euros and GB pounds. Choose the currency you will use for your transactions. [15 marks] Calculate how much it will cost the company in Dirhams to buy the equipment on the first day of monitoring the exchange rate. Explain the impact of your action. [15 marks] Calculate how much it will cost the company in Dirhams to buy the equipment on the second day of monitoring the exchange rate. Explain the impact of your action. [15 marks] Calculate how much it will cost the company in Dirhams to buy the equipment on the third day of monitoring the exchange rate. Explain the impact of your action. [15 marks] Calculate how much it will cost the company in Dirhams to buy the equipment on the fourth day of monitoring the exchange rate. Explain the impact of your action. [15 marks] Calculate how much it will cost the company in Dirhams to buy the equipment on the fifth day of monitoring the exchange rate. Explain the impact of your action. [15 marks] Write a report to support your decision for the transaction you have done. In your recommendation outline what makes your decision the best decision for the company. Consider every day you were monitoring the currencies, as the day you made a decision and purchased that equipment. Was that the best decision and why? [10 marks] Solution Table of comparison Conversion of DH to GBP 1dh = 0.173796 GDP 50,000,000 Ãâ€" 0.173796 GBP = 8,689,800 Conversion of DH to EURO 1DH = 0.221629 EURO 50,000,000 Ãâ€" 0.221629 EURO = 11,081,450 change Days Value of EURO (+ 1.44) Change in value % change Value of POUND (+0.3885) Change in value % change 1 11,241,023 159,573 1.44 8,723,516 33,716 0.388 2 11,402,894 161,870 1.46 8,757,363 33,747 0.390 3 11,567,096 164,202 1.48 8,791,342 33,979 0.391 4 11,733,663 166,566 1.50 8,825,452 34,110 0.393 5 11,902,627 168,965 1.52 8,859,695 34,243 0.394 Will use EURO as my currency in the transactions. Cost of the equipments on the first day in DH. 101.44100 Ãâ€" 1,090,000 = â‚ ¬ 1,105,696 1 DH = 0.221629 1,105,696 à · 0.221629 = DH 4,988,950. Impact The exchange rate create a positive impact in difference in the price of equipment with an increase of DH 75,300. Cost of the equipments on the second day in DH. Purchases costed = â‚ ¬ 1,090,000 100 + 1.46% = 101.46% 101.46100 Ãâ€" 1,090,000 =â‚ ¬ 1,105,914 1 DH = 0.221629 1,105,914 à · 0.221629 =DH 4,989,934 Impact The exchange rate create a positive impact in difference in the price of equipment with an increase of DH 76,284. Cost of the equipment on the third day in DH Purchases costed = â‚ ¬ 1,090,000 101.48100 Ãâ€" 1,090,000 =â‚ ¬ 1,106,132 1 DH = 0.221629 1,106,132 à · 0.221629 =DH 4,990,917 Impact The exchange rate create a positive impact in difference in the price of equipment with an increase of DH 77, 267. Cost of the equipment on the fourth day in DH Purchases costed = â‚ ¬ 1,090,000 101.50100 Ãâ€" 1,090,000 =â‚ ¬ 1,106,350 1 DH = 0.221629 1,106,350 à · 0.221629 =DH 4,991,901 Impact The exchange rate create a positive impact in difference in the price of equipment with an increase of DH 78,251. Cost of the equipment on the fifth day in DH Purchases costed = â‚ ¬ 1,090,000 101.52100 Ãâ€" 1,090,000 =â‚ ¬ 1,106,568 1 DH = 0.221629 1,106,568 à · 0.221629 =DH 4,992,885 Impact The exchange rate create a positive impact in difference in the price of equipment with an increase of DH 79,235. REPORT ON DECISION FOR TRANSACTION FOR PURCHASING EQUIPMENTS The above transaction was appropriate since it has brought a good comparison between the exchange rate in both quotations AED/EURO. Findings It can be observed that by use of this transaction the finance manager can be able to save for the company. The transaction of this equipment will take less than AED 50 millions Conclusion This method is best used when carrying out official transaction for example which government is involved. Recommendation This kind of transaction should be encouraged since it help in stabilizing the country currency. We find that the effect of exchange rate behave differently in the five days meaning that in each an everyday the currency get an additional value. It hence strengthens currency. References The great Soviet Encyclopidia, 3rd edition (1970 – 1979).@2010. The gale group, IncCassel Guster (DSecember 1918) â€Å"Abnormal Deviation in international exchange,† 28, No 112. The economic journal. Pp.413 – 415.UBS’S â€Å"prices and earnings† report. Source document

Factors Impacting On The Effectiveness Of Palliative Care - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 9 Words: 2753 Downloads: 3 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Medicine Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Palliative care can vary significantly in its effectiveness according to condition, location, and type of patient (WHO, 2011; Gomes et al., 2013). This has long been recognised as an issue: Higginson et al. (2003) suggested that it has been difficult to prove the effectiveness of palliative care given the broad range of providers and the diverse nature of the clients. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Factors Impacting On The Effectiveness Of Palliative Care" essay for you Create order The World Health Organisation (WHO, 2011) has argued that palliative care has generally been unduly focused on the needs of cancer patients and is unsuited for the increase in older patients with diverse needs that are more common in many parts of the world. Part of this variation is the differences between the type of care required for various conditions and the fact that sometimes specialised care for a variety of conditions is required (Preston et al. 2014). There are also challenges posed to meeting patients wishes for palliative care through patient-centred care, and Gomes et al. (2013) suggest that the desire of most patients to die at home can stretch resources or result in palliative care provision not reaching the wishes of their clients. Likewise, the extent to which palliative care can be effectively provided through interaction with other care providers, and the role of family or informal carers is often unclear (Hanson et al., 2012). This has led to a range of views on t he effective provision of palliative care. In this essay, first the challenges posed by an aging population and the challenge of providing specialist care to specific population groups will be considered. Second, the challenge of providing home-based palliative care will be discussed. Third, the challenges of developing effective communication between caregivers and the family will be evaluated. Fourth, ways in which informal caregivers may be involved in palliative care will be discussed. Finally, the arguments for earlier intervention in some cases will be evaluated. The World Health Organisation argues that an important factor impacting upon the effectiveness of palliative care is the aging population in most countries that is coupled with a lack of attention to their complex needs (WHO, 2011). Older people more commonly experience multiple health problems, resulting in the need for such complex health needs to be more effectively supported (WHO, 2011). The model for palliativ e care traditionally focuses upon support for single diseases such as cancer, whereas people aged over 85 years are more likely to die from cardiovascular disease. There are also multiple debilitating diseases, such as dementia, osteoporosis and arthritis, and may require palliative care at any point in their illness trajectory (Gardiner et al., 2011). WHO (2011) indicate that palliative care does not usually form a part of traditional disease management, and with a combination of diseases the point at which palliative care is needed may become increasingly difficult to determine. The need for integration between different agencies is also cited as an important factor affecting older people (WHO, 2011). As such, palliative care for older adults must take into account the increasing variety of conditions that may develop, which is something that is not yet common amongst many care providers. Solutions to these issues proposed by WHO (2011) include the need for palliative and prima ry care providers to receive more effective training in the needs of older people, and to gain a clearer understanding of the syndromes that affect this population group. This also includes a more effective understanding of the pharmacokinetics of opiates for pain management, and issues that are caused by comorbidity (Gardiner et al., 2011). Palliative physicians also need to improve their understanding of long-term care, including the administrative and clinical issues that are associated with older people dying in care homes. Likewise, inter-agency collaboration in palliative care is required to ensure that diverse needs are met through carers with different specialisms (Neilson et al., 2013). This means that palliative care needs to adopt a more personalised approach that takes into account the specific needs of clients, making collaborative approaches more common (Vitillo Puchalski, 2014). As such, partnership working is likely to play an increasingly prominent role in palliati ve care provision in the future. Similar concerns involving the specialised care for specific groups is identified by Vollenbroich et al. (2012), who investigate the potential for providing home care for children. These results suggested that where a specialised paediatric care team was used, there were high improvements in the childrens symptoms and quality of life. Additional benefits were seen as the reduction of the administrative barriers and improvement in aspects of communication between the care teams and the family. This supports arguments made by WHO (2011) which suggests greater specialisation is required to take into account the different diversities of patients who need palliative care. However, one aspect that is not identified by Vollenbroich et al. (2012) is the challenge posed by whether the condition should be considered as of greatest importance or whether the demographic considerations are needed (Gardiner et al., 2011). This suggests that perceptions of the a ge at death can significantly affect the patients needs in palliative care, and further research may be required to investigate the extent to which such suppositions are borne out in practice. The place in which palliative care is provided is also a significant factor when considering how far the care meets the wishes of the patients. The extent to which people can opt for their place of death is an important factor affecting the effectiveness of palliative care. In the European Union, most people do not die at home (WHO, 2011). However, this is the preferred place of death for most people. In England, 58% of deaths occur in NHS hospitals, 18% at home, 4% in hospices, and 3% in other places. There is clearly an interest amongst many patients for dying at home. JordhÃÆ' ¸y et al. (2010) report on an intervention programme staged by the University Hospital of Trondheim, Norway, which was intended to enable patients to spend more time at home and for them to die there should they prefer. This demonstrates that in order to achieve this end, close cooperation was necessary with the community health-care providers, and a multidisciplinary consultant team was needed to coordinate the care provision. This research demonstrated that intervention patients spent a smaller proportion of the last month of life in nursing homes than was possible for the control sample (JordhÃÆ' ¸y et al. 2010). This illustrated that to increase the proportion of patients who were able to die at home, a significant investment of resources would be needed. This manifested itself in the need for greater levels of training in palliative care for community care staff, thus increasing the costs associated with the provision of care (JordhÃÆ' ¸y et al. 2010). Similar considerations were made by Gomes et al. (2013), who argue that providing palliative care at home increases the chances of dying at home, while reducing symptom burden that people experience as a part of an advanced ill ness. This also reduces the intensity of grief for family members if the patient dies (Gomes et al., 2013). However, Gomes et al. (2013) suggest that it is possible to provide home palliative care without significantly raising costs, but this is challenged by reports such as WHO (2011) who argue that for many patients, the complexity of the conditions experienced undermine the potential for home care to be effectively provided. Smith et al. (2014) suggest, however, that the context of increasing costs of healthcare means that the potential for palliative care to be provided in the home environment should be more closely investigated. In particular, this outlines that the quality of care can be significantly improved for home-based care, and in some cases the costs may be reduced by the fact that they may be spread between existing caregivers. Communication between the patients and family members is often cited as an important factor leading to improved palliative care. Hannon et al. (2012) suggest that in contexts where family members are taken into account and given a role, family meetings can account for a significant improvement to the weekly workload for staff members. The study suggested that such meetings improved the particular areas of concern and worry for family members (Hannon et al., 2012). This demonstrates that such meetings can play an important role improving the experience of palliative care and indicate that one of the important roles of caregivers lies in the support that is given to the families of the patients as well as to the patients themselves (Hannon et al., 2014). However, although such meetings are considered appropriate and effective they may be undermined by the time constraints, the availability of appropriate staff, and the limitations of resources (Hannon et al., 2014). This may lead to less emphasis being placed on such aspects of palliative care, particularly where the benefit is not directed wholly towards the patient. Ne vertheless, against this criticism is the extent to which such issues may result in the needs of the patient being better identified by consultation with family members (Gomes et al., 2013). It can be argued that this would represent an area of particular benefit to the provision of palliative care. Harding et al. (2011) point out that informal caregivers are of significance in providing effective palliative care. Given the diversity of the care provided by this group, there is a need for a range of intervention strategies to provide appropriate support, depending on the needs of the patient. However, Harding et al. (2011) suggest that the range of models that are available to meet caregivers needs. Likewise, Harding et al. (2012) emphasise the significant costs to informal caregivers in terms of the emotional, physical and financial demands that informal caregiving places upon them. The conclusions of these studies indicate that support should be provided specifically to the car egiver and tailored closely to their needs, and the drawback of many existing approaches was the fact that interventions were not tailored to the caregivers needs. This is an important aspect for improving palliative care, as many patients prefer the services of informal caregiving, and this can also reduce the burden on professional healthcare if appropriate (Aslakson et al., 2014). The potential for providing support that is tailored to the needs of the informal caregivers would seem an important and effective means by which the quality of palliative care can be improved (BrandstÃÆ' ¤tter et al., 2014). Zimmerman et al. (2014) identify that there are limitations to the provision of palliative care in home settings that depend upon the condition of the patient. In their study, patients with advanced cancer tend to have a much lower quality of life that worsens as their condition progresses. This suggests that for some patients, palliative care should be provided at an earlier stage than is usually the case. However, such developments would depend upon the prognosis, and in such cases it is important to avoid premature judgment. Yoong et al. (2013) also suggest that early palliative care can prove beneficial in situations where patients have advanced lung cancer. This suggests that the benefits allow the palliative care teams to focus on fostering relationships with patients and their families, and improving illness understanding amongst patients and caregivers. The potential for adopting a comprehensive approach in this case provided psychosocial benefits, such as improving the coping mechanisms for patients alongside the management of medical treatment (Bajwah et al., 2012). The research thus indicates that the involvement of palliative care teams at an earlier stage in the treatment may be appropriate for some conditions and may provide significant benefits to the quality and effectiveness of care. In conclusion, many of the arguments discussed sug gest that there is an important case to be made for a greater diversity in approaches to palliative care. The need to take into account the diversity in the psychosocial needs of different population groups illustrate the importance of a more personalised approach to palliative care. Likewise, the challenge in meeting patients wishes to die at home requires significant attention as this can clearly provide significant benefits to patients. The research also indicates that greater engagement with family members can help support patients and prove of wider benefit to the carers. This also indicates that the involvement of informal caregivers is also a significant area of development, given the wide-ranging role they can play in the provision of palliative care. The introduction of palliative care at an earlier stage may allow benefits to the care process, particularly where the patient is cared for at home, as it helps foster an effective working relationship between different parties . Thus far, the key deficiencies of palliative care are largely that it appears to be focused on particular conditions and specific locations; the challenge is to broaden the type of patient that can be cared for, provide greater support to informal carers and family members, and be more responsive to the wishes of the patient. References Aslakson, R., Cheng, J., Vollenweider, D., Galusca, D., Smith, T. J., Pronovost, P. J. (2014). 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